Simultaneous dual-contrast three-dimensional (3D) imaging in live cells with fluorescence-enabled optical diffraction tomography

We report a dual-contrast method of simultaneously measuring and visualizing the volumetric structural information in live biological samples in the three-dimensional (3D) space. By introducing a direct way of deriving the 3D scattering potential of the object from the synthesized angular spectra, we obtain the quantitative sub-cellular morphology in refractive indices (RI) side-by-side with its fluorescence signals. The additional contrast in RI complements the fluorescent signal, providing additional information of the targeted zones. The simultaneous dual-contrast 3D mechanism unveiled interesting information inaccessible to previous methods as we demonstrated in the human immune cell (T cell) experiment. Further validation has been demonstrated using a Monte Carlo model.